The gynecology specialty covers conditions of the internal female reproductive system, which includes the uterus (womb), ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix, and vagina. When your reproductive system develops a problem, it can affect many aspects of your health and quality of life. Gynecologic conditions such as severe pelvic pain, endometriosis, fibroids, abnormal bleeding, pelvic organ prolapse, and cancer are common and may require medical care. When lifestyle changes, medicine, and other options do not ease your symptoms, your doctor may suggest surgery.